We use can't to refuse permission or say that someone does not have permission: We use can to say that someone has permission to do something: We use can to ask for permission to do something:Ĭould is more formal and polite than can: She could have learned Swahili, but she didn't want to. We use could have to say that someone had the ability or opportunity to do something, but did not do it: We use could and couldn't to talk about the past: We use can and can't to talk about the ability to do something at a specific time in the present or future: We use can and can't to talk about someone's skill or general abilities: If Jones was at work until six, he couldn't have done the murder. We use can't have or couldn't have to say that a past event was impossible: (= It was sometimes very cold there in winter.) We use could to make general statements about the past: Where are they? They could have got lost. We use could have to make guesses about the past: We use can't or cannot to say that something is impossible: (= It is sometimes very cold here in winter.) We use can to make general statements about what is possible: We use could to show that something is possible, but not certain: Level: beginner Possibility and impossibility
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